The suggested tolerances shown below are general values based upon over fifteen years of shaft alignment experience at pruftechnik ltd and should not be exceeded. A guide to shaft alignment achieving a satisfactory shaft alignment is paramount for the safe and reliable operation of a ship during its lifetime. Alignment is achieved by moving the front andor back feet of one machine up, down, and sideways, until the shafts are aligned within required tolerances. This means the times for alignment are shortened considerably. Aim to have all soft foot readings within 2 mils thou. The pre alignment process could include all of the following checks. Pdf on jun 5, 2015, christos tsiafis and others published case study. Shaft alignment methods explained bright hub engineering. The subject of shaft alignment tolerances has been touched on before but a couple interesting discussions have taken place recently during training classes. They should be used only if no other tolerances are prescribed by existing inhouse standards or by the machine manufacturer. In practice, proper alignment is difficult to achieve without using alignment equipment such as dial indicators or laser. The tksa 31 is skfs most affordable solution for easy laser shaft alignment.
Read online update your shaft alignment knowledge book pdf free download link book now. Alignment scheduled for publication in early 2000 by mcgrawhill book co. The alignment standard suggested for fourdial gage method, which provides the technician the recommended approach for the quickest way with quality alignment. Pre alignment checks and corrections are performed to either improve machinery reliability or to facilitate the alignment process. Well that makes about as much sense as eating with your feet. While many are of equal merit, describing alignment tolerances in terms of foot corrections is unacceptable in a reliabilityfocused environment. Proper shaft alignment is especially critical when the motor is operated at high speeds. Terminations shaft diameter up to 28 mm are made with tolerance j6, shaft diameters from 28 to 50 with the.
Consider all values to be the maximum allowable deviation from the. It is designed for millwrights, repair technicians, supervisors, and engineers who must become proficient in alignment techniques, correct soft foot problems, troubleshoot complex alignment problems, andor instruct others. May 02, 2000 most alignment jobs are oneperson tasks, or one alignment specialist with some helpers. That is the fundamental philosophy behind our measurement systems. Thats a great conveniencebut we need to understand what these. For this method it is necessary to record all four cardinal readings. Machinery alignment tolerance tables the suggested alignment tolerances shown here are general values based upon experience and general industry standards and should not be exceeded. In either case, prealignment is a very important phase of the alignment process. Live view supports intuitive measurements and facilitates horizontal. These standards are useful only for shafttoshaft alignment of thermal power stations coal handling plants. Hardware and software in perfect harmony alignment should be easy. When you have done an alignment using the alignment tolerances shown above, whether you are short coupled and using gapoffset or have a spacer shaft, you should not have any alignment related vibration.
Short flex tolerances are a derivative of spacer tolerances. Shaft alignment handbook, third edition, crc press, 2006. Reviewing a shaft alignment measurement for a horizontal machine 187. Here is an example of a table that utilizes both short flex and spacer shaft tolerances. Shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. With feeler gauge find obvious gaps and fill them with shims, taking care of any rough soft foot condition. Rigid couplings have no tolerance for misalignment, they should be aligned as. Welcome to the world of intelligent shaft alignment using rotalign ultra is shaft, another innovative product. Versatile file types both a pdf and an excel file are generated. Misalignment is the deviation of relative shaft position from a collinear axis of rotation, measured at the points of power transmission, when the equipment is running. Terminations shaft diameter up to 28 mm are made with. Alignment tolerances aline precision reverse alignment. After the soft foot check you can go directly to the alignment program with all of the machines distances saved. Used for laser beam adjustment and as a tolerance check for measured.
Create a pdf report directly when measurement is complete it is possible to generate a pdf report containing graphs and measurement data directly in the measurement systems display unit. Alignment tolerances alignment tolerances have often been treated with a halfhearted just get it close attitude. The fixturlaser xas and gos allow you the option to input your own tolerances instead of using the industry standards. Asset uptime begins with precision shaft alignment misalignment in rotating machines can cause a number of problems from production losses to unplanned downtime to increased maintenance costs. Tir dial vs laser dial indicator alignment tolerances rim and face alignment tolerances shaft alignment tolerances. It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a substitute for seeking professional advice or reference to the manufacturers of the machinery. Moreover, as the name suggests, the main purpose of shaft alignment is to make sure that the center line of the motor rotor shaft coincides with the center line of the driven machinery i. Short flex tolerances were developed many years ago to safely simplify the alignment tolerances of close coupled machines and were only meant for couplings with a short distance between flex planes. Sep 17, 2009 short flex tolerances were developed many years ago to safely simplify the alignment tolerances of close coupled machines and were only meant for couplings with a short distance between flex planes.
Mt victor wowk, president of machine dynamics, inc. Recently we were asked what we thought of alignment at the feet. Clean, dress up and file any burrs from mounting faces and anchor bolt. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate for the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment using a straight edge or feeler gauges. I recently had a new tyre at a national fitter, a wheel alignment check was made the result was that one wheel was 1mm out the other 1. Alignment tolerances an alignment tolerance allows the alignment to be within an acceptable range of misalignment that does not affect the machines ability to rotate properly. The participant is able to learnbydoing in the course. The product is to be used in industrial environments for shaft alignment only. T he tool is ideal for any type of standard shaft alignment job such as a motorpump set because it is so intuitive, it is the perfect tool for the occasional use and even untrained users can easily perform shaft alignment with shaftalign os3.
And we made the entire series wireless because we all know how much of a pain wires can be, not to mention potentially dangerous, too. Alignment tolerances no industry standard on alignment exists. In most cases, a quick glance at the table will tell whether coupling misalignment is allowable or not. Shaftalign os3 combines efficiency and ease of use to make your first steps with a laser alignment tool as easy as possible. Setting tolerances in fixturlaser shaft alignment tools. Dec 01, 2002 shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. Prealignment checks and corrections are performed to either improve machinery reliability or to facilitate the alignment process. Every step must be well thought out, from planning to instruction to follow up. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. It requires unique and expensive measurement instruments. Machinery manufacturers published various shaft alignment guides for their specific.
When the centerlines of their rotating shafts dont match up perfectly, it can lead to wasted power, accelerated component wear, and even the equipment failures the following are the most prevalent causes. Care has been taken by the authors, pruftechnik ltd, in the preparation of this publication. The measurements are now available as a text file in the computer, example. Internal memory save your measurement files, photos and reports to the internal memory. In either case, pre alignment is a very important phase of the alignment process. The accumulated benefits of precision shaft alignment. Lloyds register emeas technical investigations provides a comprehensive range of measurement and advisory services to help owners, operators and yards to help to ensure that the best. Fixturlaser shaft alignment tools come preprogrammed with generally accepted industry tolerances for electric motor driven machinery. The program shows which foot feet should be corrected. The fluke 830 laser shaft alignment tool is easytouse, giving you fast, accurate and actionable answers that will keep your plant up and running. A coupling alignment tolerance and a shaft alignment tolerance are different things very different things. You will be introduced to the five primary alignment measurement methods. Quite often, bad machine condition can be obvious, but repairs are made without correcting alignment faults, or removing the underlying causes of misalignment such as poor foundations, excessive temperature gradients, strain from connected pipes, etc. Ntt recommends a class of no more than 12 participants for the best results.
Pdf dynamic balancing and shaft alignment researchgate. If a manufacturer of a machine or coupling require tighter alignment tolerances, those should be used. Sheng, ndition of the shaft alignment is crucial in order to make intelligent. Specifications such as shaft alignment tolerances, bolt torque values, frame or base flatness requirements and the frequency of verification of these specifications are typical of what is asked. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Fluke 830 laser alignment tool manual pdf instrumart. Shaft alignment report measurement program horizontal operator user measurement unit mils temperature 80. But, alignment tolerances are actually the measurement of a job well done and they provide the definition of what close actually is.
Fluke 830 laser shaft alignment tool technical data theres more to shaft alignment than taking measurements and making adjustmentswhen uptime matters picking the right tool is critical. Alignment tools and procedures that take thermal growth. Alignment procedure an executable part of the alignment process where alignment is performed in accordance with the defined requirements. Oct 12, 2017 the major topics in this tutorial will discuss the basic roughing in techniques for your initial alignment of machinery. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment using a straight edge or feeler gauges. There are general industry specifications such as read more. Should i get the alignment done or at what stage does it become important. The simple mounting system and straightforward user interface make the. These values are compared to alignment tolerances to determine whether correction. Shaft alignment and tolerences verification for experimental device using coordinate measuring machine find, read and cite. Standard industry norms for alignment tolerances are cited in table 1.
It is recommended that the shaft diameter back in mm are standard or rounded numbers. A coupling alignment tolerance is often but not always the maximum amount of misalignment the coupling will operate at before premature failure. Shaft alignment is the process of adjusting the relative position of two coupled machines such that the centerlines of the respective shaft form a straight line when the machine is running at normal operating temperature. It will also highlight the recent developments in shaft alignment analytical methods. Tolerances there are a number of acceptable ways to describe misalignment at the coupling and to define permissible misalignment tolerances. Link to an article discussing how to choose which tolerances to align to. Measurement value filter advanced electronic filter function that can be used for a reliable measurement result even in a very poor measurement environment, for example where there is air turbulence from open entrances or. Coal handling plant alignment standards for shaft to shaft.
If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaft alignment. The course is an intensive mix of handson practice and indepth instruction in alignment methodologies. Understand shaft alignment and the processes involved. Tolerances are generally given in the contract documents or one can refer to pfi standards es02 and es03. Alignment tolerances aline precision reverse alignment tools. This twoday course will cover key elements of shaft alignment theory and practice. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it.
With a loadonpad design, figure 1 the shaft is free to laterally within bearing clearance, and alignment data is difficult to obtain without temporary bearing shims to stabilize the sham with a loadbetweenpad design, figure 1 b, the shaft remains stable during the alignment procedure. Clean, dress up and file any burrs from mounting faces and securing. Alignment of the shaft is necessary when the motor or driven machinery is new or when it is dismantled due to improper running. Misalignment produces excessive vibration, noise, coupling, and bearing temperature increases, and premature bearing, coupling, or shaft failure. Incorrect alignment occurs when the centerlines of the motor and the driven equipment shafts are not in line with each other. An essential component of any successful alignment procedure is the. The purpose of shaft alignment is to prevent excessive vibration and the premature failure of machine parts.
S haft alignment is a technical skill that is not common in the construction and maintenance professions, but categorized more like a specialty. Alignment process alignment process consists of the design and analysis, the alignment procedure and measurements. Shaft alignment is the process whereby two or more machines typically a motor and pump are positioned such that at the point of power transfer. Shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. Operating life is shortened when shafts are misaligned. Proper alignment is the largest factor in determining the life of bearings, seals and couplings. Grc phase 3 focused on identifying any abnormal loading on the gear, shaft. The major topics in this tutorial will discuss the basic roughing in techniques for your initial alignment of machinery. And yet, even excellent alignment of the shaft centers of rotation does not in itself. Box 66479, albuquerque, nm 871936479, 505 8982094, is the author of machinery vibration.
Machinery alignment tolerance tables impact engineering. All the information about the measurement object is documented, and you can add your companys logo and address details if you so wish. Bearing clearance radial gap between the shaft and the bearing shell. Using the default printer type pdf file, measurement reports may be saved.
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